Grave's Disease

It is an autoimmune thyroid disorder characterized by excessive production thyroid hormones. It is the common cause for hyperthyroidism presents with diffuse goiter and often with eye involvement. TSH receptor stimulating anti bodies are produced as result of autoimmunity  which interact with TSH receptors on the thyroid follicular cell membrane and stimulate the excessive production thyroid hormones.

Investigations

Thyroid hormone assay, Technetium 99 thyroid scan, ultrasonography of neck, TSH receptor antibody assay in pregnant patient

Treatment

Options are anti thyroid drugs, radio iodine treatment and surgery